The Spanish government agency that oversees matters of finance and taxation has issued a new ruling stating that bitcoin should be treated as an electronic payment system, a decision that could have a far-ranging impact on Spain’s bitcoin economy.

El Ministerio de Hacienda y Administraciones Públicas issued the ruling in response to questions from Coinffeine, a Spain-based, open-source bitcoin exchange platform. Abanlex, the company’s law firm, had previously reached out to both El Ministerio de Hacienda and the country’s Congress seeking clarity on two issues in April.

With its response, El Ministerio de Hacienda found that bitcoin-based online gambling companies in Spain must now apply for licenses. Further, the ruling, coupled with new statements from Congress, suggests that bitcoin transactions involving a business may be subject to existing laws that impose a cap on cash transactions of €2,500 or more, even when gambling with bitcoin.

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Coinffeine sought clarity from el Ministerio de Hacienda on whether online bets conducted with bitcoin should be considered binding from a legal standpoint. Further, it aimed to solicit a response from Congress as to whether certain financial laws applied to bitcoin.

Coinffeine CTO and co-founder Ximo Guanter told CoinDesk that the rulings represent a significant development in terms of how bitcoin is being regulated globally. “The ‘big-theme’ news here is that Spain is starting to treat bitcoin more like a currency than as an asset, which is the inverse of what the US has done.”

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Sir Richard Branson has revealed further support for bitcoin as a functional, albeit volatile, currency. Asked in an interview with Bloomberg News whether the cryptocurrency will eventually work, the Virgin Group billionaire said that bitcoin is already working.

While Branson admitted that bitcoin remains volatile, he added that this is not necessarily a bad thing. “It is quite volatile, but in volatility people can make money,” he said. “I think it is working. There will be other currencies like it that may be even better, but in the meantime there’s a big industry around bitcoin. You know, people have made fortunes out of bitcoin, some people have lost money out of bitcoin.”

The entrepreneur also reflected on Virgin Galactic’s decision to start accepting bitcoin payments last November: “I am not foolish, if people have got lots of bitcoins and they want to go to space, I would much rather they spend that money on our spaceship […] a Virgin Galactic spaceship than on, you know […] Elon [Musk] will be sending people to space one day on Elon’s spaceships, so we’ll grab the money while it’s there.”

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Virgin Galactic has been testing much of its hardware in recent months, but Branson admits building the infrastructure for commercial spaceflights has been hard. He told Bloomberg that Virgin’s rockets are still undergoing flight tests, but the rest of the infrastructure is already ready.

“Early next year we will finally be up and away,” said Branson. Virgin’s goal is to fly tourists to space in suborbital flights, using its SpaceShipTwo craft. In addition to Virgin Galactic’s decision to accept bitcoin payments, Branson has also made his mark in the wider bitcoin industry by investing in BitPay.

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Bitcoin company Bitonic has launched a crowdfunded campaign to support efforts to define bitcoin as money in the Netherlands. The campaign has been dubbed Bitcoin is Geld (literally: ‘bitcoin is money’) and has so far raised more than 30 BTC. The cause enjoys the support of the Dutch Bitcoin Foundation and law firm SOLV.

Bitcoin is Geld will use the funds to promote legislation beneficial to bitcoin users in the Netherlands, effectively defining bitcoin as money in the country. The campaign website indicates that the campaign was formed after a Dutch judge stated that bitcoin is not considered ‘real’ money and it now plans to take “the judge’s statement to a higher court by giving reasons as to why bitcoin should be defined as money”.

It states: “Labelling bitcoin as a medium of exchange instead of money could have a big impact on individuals and companies who are engaged with this virtual currency. With this campaign, Bitonic and the community examines the question as to what could be expected if bitcoin, by law, would be treated the same as money.”

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The first goal is to raise a minimum of €15,000-worth of bitcoin, with Holland-based Bitonic contributing around a third of that total (10 BTC and €2,500), which will go towards hiring lawyers to spearhead the campaign. If fundraising goes well, other experts will also be taken on board.

The campaign aims to highlight the differences between treating bitcoin as a medium of exchange and treating it as money, which has far-reaching implications for taxation and estate law, as well as anti-money laundering (AML) provisions. As a result, the campaign argues, the regulatory framework should be changed.

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Buying bitcoin from exchanges can involve lots of hoop-jumping, as customers navigate complex and tedious registration and transaction processes. Some people are now cutting through the whole tangled mess, and having their employers pay them in bitcoin directly.

Wagepoint, a startup based in Waterloo and Nova Scotia, Canada, offers Canadian and US companies an easy way to process payroll online. The firm handles payroll deductions for tax purposes and files all the necessary paperwork electronically. It has processed $120m in payroll payments using traditional fiat currency, but now, a growing percentage of customers are taking advantage of its bitcoin payment services, says CEO Shrad Rao.

“We started it in November 2013. It was a side project,” said Rao, explaining that the firm was interested in bitcoin, and pulled the service together quickly. We didn’t imagine we’d get any uptake,” said the CEO, and initially he was right. Nothing happened during November and December, but then, in January this year, he received his first bitcoin request from a customer, which paid out $2,000 worth of bitcoin in salaries.

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Wagepoint makes it as easy as possible for companies to make payments in cryptocurrency. Customers don’t have to handle bitcoin at all. Instead, Wagepoint takes its fiat currency and handles the convergence for them. In Canada, it uses CA Virtex for the exchange.

Perhaps predictably, tech firms are at the front of the queue when it comes to paying their employees in bitcoin. Structur3D Printing, based in Kitchener, Ontario, produces a system for extruding paste that can be used in 3D printing. Co-founder and president Charles Mire is targeting everything from cake makers and chocolatiers through to hobbyist ‘makers’ with the product, which can handle everything from silicone to cake icing.

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Transaction fees on the bitcoin network are often forgotten about. Yet in bitcoin they are more important than on other payment networks. Fees currently serve as protection against the network being flooded with arbitrary transactions. Eventually, they will also be required to incentivise bitcoin miners to continue providing security to the network.

Contrary to other payment networks, the fees will not be set centrally, but will be determined by a market between users and miners. The lower bound of transaction fees will be determined by the marginal cost incurred by miners for including transactions. This, in turn, is determined by the speed at which information is spread around the network.

Bitcoin, the protocol, is a set of rules for the construction, distribution and agreement of financial transactions. The excitement surrounding its invention stems from its ability to achieve consensus among anonymous participants on the order in which transactions were issued on the network. This permits the construction of an inclusive financial system that is free from discrepancies between market participants.

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However, the network is only guaranteed to come to consensus over a period of time and, in fact, the bitcoin network is in a constant state of flux, where nodes differ in their record of the history of all transactions. Subsets of nodes that agree on a common set of transactions are known as partitions.

An event, such as the discovery of a new block in the block chain creates a partition in the network. When a miner finds a new block, it is the only node in the network that thinks that the length of the block chain has increased. The rest of the network will find out about the block consequently, with the delay largely dependent on the number of transactions included.

Each extra transaction included in the block adds to the time that it takes for blocks to reach every node in the network. Miners that are slow to hear about new-found blocks spend time working on redundant problems, which hurts their margins. Furthermore, this delay increases the possibilities for malicious attackers to double spend funds on the network.

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